Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement

Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Student Name ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­: Elizabeth (Beth) Andrews Brief Patient History including medical diagnosis and summary of assessment findings: The patient is a 59 year old female, widowed, who entered the Braintree Rehabilitation Center for transitional care after left knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. She has a history of COPD; obstructive sleep apnea; spinal stenosis; degenerative joint disease; depression; obesity; fibromyalgia; dyslipidemia; hypothyroidism; lymphedema; tachycardia; and idiopathic tremors. She experienced a pulmonary embolism in 2009. The total knee replacement (TKR) was conducted at Metrowest/Leonard Morse Hospital on 5/21/12. The patient was transferred to Braintree Rehabilitation Center on 5/24/12. She had difficulty emerging from anesthesia and experienced urinary retention. She subsequently emerged from anesthesia and the urinary retention resolved. A neurological consult was ordered to assess the patient’s difficulty emerging from anesthesia; no source of this difficulty was identified during examination. The consultation suggested that her lethargy might be attributable to oxycodone (patient is allergic to milnapricine and several other drugs) which the patient takes for ongoing pain and fibromyalgia. The patient has otherwise experienced good recovery with physical therapy 1-2 hours per day/5 days per week. She continues to experience edema of the left operative extremity; no thromboembolus was identified and her physician ordered an additional diuretic. Her incision was healing well with no local swelling, warmth, or exudates and the wound erythema was receding from the marking drawn around the incision. Staples remained intake. The patient is a former smoker with COPD; she quit smoking just prior to the current surgery and seems to be managing this well. She is obese and indicates that she struggles with this and is aware of the relationship of her obesity to her osteoarthritis and current procedure as well as to other current and potential diagnoses. Her past medical history is noteworthy for fibromyalgia from which the patient experiences considerable disability. She associates the onset of fibromyalgia subsequent to being involved in a physically and emotionally abusive intimate adult relationship and to self-described post traumatic stress disorder relative to childhood sexual abuse. In addition, her past medical history is noteworthy for obstructive sleep apnea; patient uses a CPAP. The patient is widowed and lives alone in Natick. She has four children who live locally and whom she indicates are very supportive. One son comes to her home everyday to cook her dinner. The patient does not cook for herself and is maintained during the day with tea until her son comes to make her dinner. The patient is very focused on understanding and accessing information about her conditions/diagnoses and treatments. When I first met her, she was reviewing information provided to her by the transitional care unit pertaining to difficulties in emerging from anesthesia and about her medications. The patient’s life appears to revolve around her illnesses and conditions; she describes herself as a multiply disabled person. She does not leave her home very much except to attend medical appointments and is highly dependent upon her family for her needs and care. The patient reports that depression is a significant factor in her life related to prior physical, emotional and sexu al abuse and to her general state of disability. The patient is noteworthy for high level of health seeking behavior and a high degree of medicalization. According to the patient, her home is outfitted with multiple assistive devices which include a CPAP, a walker, a cane, an electronic chair to take her upstairs and a bidette to help her with personal hygiene. In spite of her many disabilities, the patient is progressing well and will be discharged in about a week. Additional Nursing Diagnosis without Care Planning Specification Activity Intolerance Acute Pain Anxiety Chronic Low Self Esteem Chronic Pain Deficient Diversional Activity Depression Disturbed Body Image Disturbed Sleep Pattern Disuse Syndrome Fatigue Health Seeking Behaviors Hopelessness Imbalanced Mobility: Greater than Body Requirements Impaired Bed Mobility Impaired Comfort Impaired Communication Impaired Gas Exchange Impaired Individual Resilience Impaired Physical Mobility Impaired Social Isolation Impaired Transfer Ability Impaired Walking Ineffective Activity Planning Ineffective Breathing Pattern Ineffective Coping Post Trauma Syndrome Powerlessness Readiness for Additional Health Seeking Behavior Risk for Cardiac/Vascular Complications Risk for Caregiver Role Strain Risk for Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk for Complications of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Risk for Constipation Risk for Falls Risk for Hypothermia Risk for Impaired Cellular Regulation Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Risk for Ineffective Respiratory Function Risk for Infection Risk for Injury Risk for Loneliness Risk for peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction Sedentary Lifestyle Self Care Deficit NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis I Impaired Physical Mobility Clients Medical Diagnosis: Osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, spinal stenosis, status post total left knee replacement, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, lymphedema, tachycardia, idiopathic tremors Definition : â€Å"A limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or one or more extremities† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 548). Defining Characteristics : â€Å" Decreased reaction time; difficulty turning; engages in substitutions for movement (e.g., increased attention to other’s activity, controlling behavior, focus on pre-illness disability/activity; exertional dypsnea; gait changes, jerky movements; limited ability to perform gross motor skills; limited ability to perform fine motor skills; limited range of motion; movement-induced tremor; postural instability; slowed movement; uncoordinated movements† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). Related Factors â€Å"Activity intolerance; altered cellular metabolism; anxiety; body mass index above 75th age-appropriate percentile; cognitive impairment; contractures; cultural beliefs regarding age-appropriate activity; deconditioning; decreased endurance; depressive mood; decreased muscle control; decreased muscle mass; decreased muscle strength; deficient knowledge regarding value of physical activity; developmental delay; discomfort; disuse; joint stiffness; lack of environmental supports (e.g., physical or social); limited cardiovascular endurance; loss of integrity of bone structures; malnutrition; medications; musculoskeletal impairment; neuromuscular impairment; pain; prescribed movement restrictions: reluctance to initiate movement; sedentary lifestyle; sensoriperceptual impairments† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). â€Å"Suggested functional level classifications include the following: 0-Completely independent 1-Requires use of equipment or device 2-Requires help from another person for assistance, supervision or teaching 3-Requires help from another person and equipment device 4-Dependent (does not participate in activity)† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549) Instructions for Student In the space below, enter the subjective and objective data gathered during your client assessment. A S S E S S M E N T Subjective Data Entry Patient reported pain of â€Å"4†related to current acute pain â€Å"4† and â€Å"6† for chronic pain at home prior to admission based on scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† Patient reported that she uses assistive devices at home: walker, cane, electronic chair for climbing stairs while seated, bidette to assist with personal care; CPAP for sleep Patient reported that she engages in little social activity when at home, going out only for medical appointments Patient reported that she often sleeps during the day and has difficulty sleeping at night Patient reported that she is frequently fatigued and that movement around the home is difficult even with assistive devices Patient reported that chronic pain is related to osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia Patient reported that she is dependent upon family member for meals Patient reported that she is able to manage some dressing and bathing, but is dependent upon bidette for some of her perianal care Patient self-reports depression, PTSD, and fibromyalgia related to past physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to current status of general disability Objective Data Entry Vital signs: Temp: Oral 97.3, HR, 105, Respirations, 20, BP: r: 121/75; L 123/79 Pulses: Radial 105, L and R pedal pulses present Height: 4 ft 11 inches Weight 259 lbs Cognition: Alert and Oriented to person place and time X3 Affect: Pleasant, conversant, but subject to inattention due to dozing during conversation Integumentary: Hair: clean, gray color, neat haircut, no lesions on scalp Nasal: moist, pink Oral: mucosa : moist, pink, tongue: moist, pink, no oral lesions. Skin Color: Pink Skin: Color: pink Temp: warm to touch Texture: smooth Moisture/Hydration: moist, turgor positive at sternum Breakdown: the only current manifestation of breakdown is skin rashes in groin area and under breasts. Operative incision is erythmetous, but erythema is receding as evidenced by line drawn around erythema. No swelling, warmth or exudate at the operative incision Respiratory: Respirations: 20, depth even and rhythm even, O2 saturation 94% at rest on room air. Observed patient fatigue upon walking a short distance from bed to bathroom, Cardiovascular:Apical Pulse: 105; Rhythm: regular; Radial pulses: left and right present Pedal Pulses: left and right present Capillary refill observed L X 5 fingers and R X 5 fingers; L X 5 toes and R X 5 toes Musculoskeletal: poor mobility. Left hand slightly weaker than right; tremors appeared in left when squeezing fingers General: Patient experiences generalized pain chronically and current acute pain at operative site. Patient used ice pack and lidocaine strips to moderate localized pain (in addition to pain medications). Patient experiences chronic sleep disturbances, in particular, chronic obstructive sleep disorder. Sleep is only moderately relieved by use of CPAP Objective evidence includes patient frequent dozing during interview. Patient is obese: weight 259 lbs/height 4 feet, 11 inches BMI 52.3 Evaluate Student Instructions: To be sure your client diagnostic statement written below is accurate you need to review the defining characteristics and related factors associated with the nursing diagnosis and see how your client data match. Do you have an accurate match or are additional data required, or does another nursing diagnosis need to be investigated? D I A G N O S I S Diagnostic Statement Nursing Diagnosis (specify) Impaired Physical Mobility (Carpenito-Moyet , 2010, p. 285) related to pain, fatigue, obesity and sleep disturbances as evidenced by patient fatigue upon walking a short distance, patient report of limited mobility, patient dozing during interview, patient pain reports of â€Å"4† and â€Å"6† on scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† , patient BMI 52.3 P L A N N I N G Desired Outcome The Client will: and Client Criteria: Reduce weight by 20% after one year compared to baseline of 259 lbs Reduce feelings of depression by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Improve mobility by 20% after one year compared to baseline determined by physical therapist assessment Reduce pain by 50% after one year compared to baseline of â€Å"6† on scale of from â€Å"0†toâ€Å"10† Improve feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy by patient report after one year Evaluate The desired outcome must meet criteria to be accurate. The outcome must be specific, realistic, measurable, and include a time frame for completion. Does the action verb describe the clients behavior to be evaluated? Can the outcome be used in the evaluation step of the nursing process to measure the clients response to the nursing interventions listed below? Interventions Referral to mental health counseling to identify and treat depression, issues of self-esteem and self efficacy Referral and active participation in physical therapy to improve mobility Undertake regular exercise that includes ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets. Use heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia Referral to pulmonologist for sleep disturbance assessment. Referral to pain management specialist for assessment, planning and treatment related to various sources of patient pain Referral to nutritionist for assessment and planning related to nutrition and weight reduction. Set realistic goals for weight reduction, encourage patient to keep food diaries, provide patient with information about the relationship of weight management to pain reduction and mobility improvement, identify stress issues related to obesity and support systems that can help patient in weight reduction. Rationale for Selected Intervention and References Research indicates that attention to psychosocial issues and mental health counseling can have a positive impact on reduction in obesity (Yilmaz et al, 2011). Depression has been related to weight control in patients with osteoarthritis (Possley et al, 2009). Mood disorders are related to fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Research has shown that active participation in physical therapy is important to improved mobility post TKR (Hall, Hardwick, Reden, Pulido, Colwell, 2004). Research indicates that behaviors such as ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets are related to greater self-efficacy in patients who have had total joint replacement (Moon Backer, 2000). Regular exercise improves pain, physical function and contributes to weight reduction in patients with osteoarthritis (Seed, Dunican Lynch, 2009). Active physical exercise has achieved modest positive results in reduction of signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia (Turk, 2009). Research has shown that heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises improves symptoms of fibromyalgia ((Turk, 2009). Research has shown that sleep disturbances should be evaluated and treated as a component of treatment of fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Patient has pain related to many sources and may influence the patient’s approach to obesity and mobility. Pain has been related to obesity (Janke, Collins, Kozak, 2007). Realistic goals, food diaries/monitoring/ understanding of the relationship between pain and mobility, stress issues and support systems have been shown to support successful obesity self care and illness prevention (Hindle Dell, 2012). E V A L U A T I O N Evaluate Do your interventions assist in achieving the desired outcome? Do your interventions address further monitoring of the clients response to your interventions and to the achievement of the desired outcome? Are qualifiers: when, how, amount, time, and frequency used? Is the focus of the actions verb on the nurses actions and not on the client? Do your rationales provide sufficient reason and directions? What was your clients response to the interventions? (theoretic) Weight is reduced by 20% after one year (evaluation outcome 200 lbs) Feelings of depression are reduced by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Mobility is improved by 20% after one year compared to baseline established by physical therapist assessment Pain is reduced by 50% after one year (evaluation outcome â€Å"3† on a scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† Feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy are improved by patient report after one year References Ackley, B.J. Ladwig, G.B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook-an evidence-based guide to planning care. Ninth Edition. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2011 Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2010) Handbook of nursing diagnosis, 13th Edition, Used by arrangement with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, a company of John Wiley Sons, Inc, Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo Dell, D.D. (2007) Getting the point about fibromyalgia. Nursing 2007, February 2007, 61-64. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Janke, E.A., Collins, A. Kozak, A. T. (2007) Overview of the relationship between pain and obesity: what do we know? Where do we go next? Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, Vol 44, No 2, 245-261. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Hall, V.L., Hardwick, M., Reden, L., Pulido, P. Colwell, C. (2004) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty –an overview with nursing implications. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, May/June 2004, 163-173. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Hindle, L. Mills, S. (2012) Obesity self-care and illness prevention. Practice Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, 130-134. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Moon, L.B. Backer, J. (2000) Relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and postoperative behaviors in total joint replacement patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 19 (2) 77-85. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=7sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzhAN=2000051848 Possley. D. et al. (2009) Relationship between depression and functional measures in overweight and obese persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, Vol 46, No 9, 1091-1097. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2009.03.0024 Seed, S.M., Dunican, K.C., Lynch, A.M. (2009) Osteoarthritis: a review of treatment options. Geriatrics, Vol 64, No 10, 20-28. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Turk, D.C. (2009). Fibromyalgia syndrome: a guide for the perplexed. Psychiatric Times, 26(2), 50-54. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=8sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cin20AN=2010211647 Yilmaz, J. et al. (2011) Adopting a psychological approach to obesity. Nursing Standard, Vol 25, No 21, 42-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.01.25.21.42.c8289

Papa John’s International, Inc. Essays -- Strategic Case Analysis

Introduction Papa John’s International, Inc., is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky it is the world’s largest pizza chain and considered paramount in the pizza industry. Papa John’s domestic pizzas are made exclusively from a proprietary blend of wheat flour, cheese made from 100% real mozzarella, fresh-packed pizza sauce made from vine-ripened tomatoes (not from concentrate) and a proprietary mix of savory spices, and a choice of high-quality meat (100% beef, pork and chicken with no fillers) and vegetable toppings. However, international ingredients vary to meet customs and tastes. (http://ir.papajohns.com/) The company operates approximately 3,400 domestic and international pizza restaurants. They have five segments of their business: domestic restaurants, domestic commissaries, domestic franchises, international operations, and variable interest entities. (Barney & Hesterly, 2010) They have company-owned restaurants in mature and developed markets, but have recently experienced a measurable decrease in their domestic franchising sales because these franchisees are not strategically located in the more heavily concentrated markets like their company owned restaurants. To further develop the Papa John franchisees, they are working on various economic systems to provide royalty and local marketing relief for struggling franchisees, by providing financing to assist existing and/or new businesses, and educating lenders and banking institutions on the Papa John’s business models and goals. Papa John’s has currently started repurchasing about 1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $22.52 per share, the company’s board of directors recently extended a repurchase plan through the end of 2010. Papa John’s... ... end-user customers, so as to capture additional market presence. Dominos has recently changed their pizza ingredient and their pricing structure they could become a major threat to Papa John’s customer base because they have always prided themselves on using high-quality ingredients. Dominos is now making attempting to grab up some Papa John’s domestic market share. Works Cited Form 10-K Annual Report Filed Feb 24, 2009, http://ir.papajohns.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1104659-09-11825 (Retrieved 2/11/10) Thursday, February 11, 2010, 2:43pm EST | Modified: Thursday, February 11, 2010, 3:04pm, Papa John’s cooks up heart-shaped pizza promo http://louisville.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2010/02/08/daily41.html?ana=yfcpc (Retrieved 2/11/10) http://money.cnn.com/2009/09/22/news/companies/papa_johns_pizza_schnatter.fortune/index.htm (retrieved 2/12/10)

Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay

The composition of this research paper will concentrate on the topic about the pathophysiologic condition of the disorder called obesity. Thus, this would focus in the said topic to determine the functional changes that go along with such type of disorder that is seen to have developed as one of the prominent health problem in the society. Moreover, the paper would work in rendering fundamental information that is seen essential to further understand the condition of obesity. In addition to this, this research would also deal with the key areas that are seen to be of major concern with regard to battling and preventing obesity. Nonetheless, this holds on the purpose in rendering definite and essential information about obesity. The following will be discussed: †¢ A Brief Background: Obesity †¢ Pathophysiology of Obesity †¢ Causes of Obesity †¢ Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention At the end of the paper, in intends to render facts and information about the pathophysiology of the obesity. Likewise, the completion of this research paper is also set to provide clear and evident information with regard to the possible medical treatments and nursing interventions that could be done to be able to battle and prevent obesity. A Brief Background: Obesity It can be said that the discussions over the subject of obesity is normally overlooked as one of the major health issues that is in need of accorded attention. Normally, the society would describe obesity as a state wherein an individual with such condition is seen to be ridiculous for having such abnormal and fatty body. In a sense, obesity must be regarded as a serious condition in which it is seen to be one of the most prominent health disorders that if not properly handled it can result to numerous severe health complications in the body. In general, obesity is characterized as a chronic condition that involves excessive amount body fat (Goroll, 2006). Although body fat is necessary for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and other essential functions, the normal amount of body fat should only be between 25-30% for women and 18-23% for men (Goroll, 2006). Thus, women with excessive body fat with over 30% and for men with over 25% body fat are already considered obese (Goroll, 2006). Moreover, the obesity is also seen to be one of the escalating health conditions in the society wherein the numbers of people with such disorder are rapidly increasing (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). In the United States, the obesity has already reached epidemic extent in which it is seen that one in every three Americans is obese (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, obesity, as a serious health condition, is also seen to be rapidly increasing in the global society that the occurrence of obesity has practically doubled up from the year 1991 up to 1998 (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Pathophysiology of Obesity With the fact that obesity is a significant health threat, the extra weight or the excessive fat is inclined to create extraordinary stress in all parts of the body (â€Å"Causes, incidence, and risk factors,† n. d. ). Thus, the occurrence of obesity normally incorporates negative developments in the body that are seen as the acquisition of serious illnesses and raises the risk of individuals to having diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke and gallbladder disease (â€Å"Causes, incidence, and risk factors,† n. . ). Obesity also creates ill-health conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol that are normally seen among the adults, which is now believed to be seen in the children that are obese (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). In addition to this, the obesity also increases the risk of individual to acquire certain types of cancer. Also, obese individuals are seen to be more inclined to develop osteoarthritis and sleep apnea (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Likewise, the obesity or the excessive fat is often accompanied by several symptoms such as breathlessness, tiredness, back pain, sweatiness, arthritis, menstrual disorders, poor sleeping and depression (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Also, obesity increases the probability of myocardial infraction and heart failure (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Hence, it is seen that biggest probable impact of obesity in health, more especially with that of the elderly, is the diversity of its effects with other systems in the body (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity’† n. d. ). Causes of Obesity In most circumstances, the majority of medical researchers agree that a combination of excessive calorie consumption and a inactive lifestyle are seen to be the primary causes of obesity (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, the increased of food consumption is normally attributed as genetic, medical or psychiatric illness (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Likewise, it is also said that the other probable causes of obesity are hereditary influences, overeating, diet high in simple carbohydrates, slow metabolism, and frequency of eating, physical inactivity, medication such as antidepressants and psychological factors such as severe emotional distress (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Moreover, in the review that is done in the year 2006, it is said that the most probable factors that have contribute in the rise of obesity are seen to be the cause of insufficient sleep, endocrine disruptors, decreased rates of smoking, increased use of medication that leads to weight gain, pregnancy at a later age, intrauterine and intergenerational effects, positive natural selection of people with a higher BMI (â€Å"10 Factors in Rise of Obesity,† n. d. ). Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention Treatment through the help of a physician is seen to be necessary in obesity, more especially during the times wherein the person’s own efforts to lose weight is not working and when it is seen essential that simultaneous medical conditions make it vital for an obese person to lose weight (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, prescription of medications may seem as necessary for those having people with obesity-related health problems (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). In addition to this, the prescriptions of over-the-counter supplements are also considered as essential in the medical treatment of obesity that could helpful for the people in effort to lose weight (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Behavioural strategies are also used in the treatment of obesity that could help modify dietary habits and increase activity levels of obese people (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). Likewise, psychotherapy for eating disorders with the therapist is also seen essential in the treatment process of obesity that may also require medication (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). On the other hand, it is seen evident that the other probable nursing intervention that could be done to battle obesity is having a healthy and active lifestyle through the presence of exercise. As such, the involvement through healthy exercises is indeed helpful in treatment of obesity as these activities are good in burning calories and other excess fats in the body. In addition to this, a good healthy diet is also seen as another nursing intervention for obesity in which eating healthy foods with balanced diet are essential in maintaining and achieving healthy body. Nonetheless, the modified personal discipline with regard to adverse eating habits is also seen as probable nursing intervention for obesity. Conclusion  With the above written facts and information about the pathophysiology of obesity, it is seen evident that choosing such topic in this research paper is indeed significant and helpful for the people, more especially among the individuals with such condition, as this provides factual data of the probable negative results that comes with obesity. As such, this research paper also provides factual gathering of information in battling and treating obesity. Nonetheless, it is seen evident that the issue of obesity is one of the serious health problems that are in need of proper attention.

Physical Diversity in the Workplace Essay - 1445 Words

Running head: Physical Diversity in the Workplace Physical Diversity Claim A physical disability is one type of diversity in the workplace because it can cause harassment, discrimination, and occupational hazards. Physical diversity in the Workplace . Diversity encompasses race, religion, gender, background, education, physical disabilities, and more. In life there are so many diversities that one faces. Unfortunately, the workplace is no exception especially for the employee with a physical disability. An employee with a physical disability in the workplace can be hard, but also for a co-worker and employer to accept .The employee with a physical disability may encounter discrimination, harassment, and†¦show more content†¦A motto that would benefit all employees would be the Golden Rule which is do onto others as you would have them do unto you. A physical disability can cause occupational hazards in the work place. A physical disability can cause an occupational hazard in the workplace due to no wheelchair accessible ramps. Occupational hazards in the workplace for employees with physical disabilities are sometimes difficult to acknowledge by the employer. Ramps for employees in wheelchairs may need to be installed if steps are the only entrance into the workplace. Also it may be necessary to install ramps inside the building if there are no elevators that are accessible for the employees. The reason these may be an occupational hazard is because the wheel chair may turn over when trying to maneuver steps, which could cause injuries such as broken bones. A physical disability can also cause occupational hazards in the workplace when there are no handicap accessible doors located in all work spaces. When there are no doors that have sensors, buttons, or ramps available that the disabled can use there is a risk for an occupational hazard. 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The purpose of this study was to understand whenRead MoreDiversity Is The Complete Range Of Differences And Similarities That Make Each Individual Unique1147 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity is the complete range of differences and similarities that make each individual unique. According to a study conducted by Korn Ferry International, it classifies diversity into s ix buckets as below. 1.Relational: How we relate and rejuvenate (Family status, Parental, Marital, Behavior, Personal Habits, Generation and Partner) 2.Cognitive: How we think and process information (Thinking, learning, interpersonal, communication, Introvert, Extravert, IQ and EQ) 3.Occupational: How we work andRead MoreWhat Do You Define Diversity Within A Workplace?791 Words   |  4 Pages How do you define diversity in a workplace? Do you fall victim to a non diversified workplace where everyone seems out of place? Many people have different views on this the topic of diversity, but do not necessarily understand it fully in a workplace. If your job has numerous age groups, races, religious beliefs, and equal amount of gender, then your job is practicing diversification. A lot of companies are making it more known that they enforce diversity in their workplaces. Three top companiesRead MoreDiversity Within The Workplace Has Become A Priority For Managers1540 Words   |  7 Pages Diversity in the workplace has become a priority for managers in many companies worldwide. This drive toward diversity has been stimulated by dramatic shifts from manufacturing jobs away from advance capitalism economies, a rise in service sector jobs, and, in some cases, a since re business ethic. Diversity is generally defined as recognizing, understanding, and accepting an individual based on their differences and is typically classified into two categories. The primary category, age, gender,